지산열린학원지산고2 · 25년 10월 · 23번📌 제시의 요지
새 이론은 기존 이론의 성공을 모두 설명하면서 새로운 영역까지 설명할 때 인정받는다.
A new theory gains acceptance only when it explains all the successes of the old theory and also works in new areas.
🌊 정미의 문단 흐름
도입 (주제): 증거를 더 잘 설명하는 방법이 있을 때에만 과학 이론을 버리거나 대체할 수 있다 — 뉴턴과 아인슈타인이 좋은 예. (S1~S2) / 전개: 뉴턴 이론의 예측과 관측의 불일치 → 아인슈타인 일반 상대성 이론이 설명 + 뉴턴의 성공도 똑같이 설명 → 더 넓은 이론으로 인정. (S3~S6) / 결론: 아인슈타인을 넘을 새 이론도 기존의 모든 성공 + 새로운 영역까지 설명해야 인정받는다. (S7~S8)
☠ 수남의 하수인: 성급한 파기의 망치병
🧚 산이의 어휘
| 단어 | 뜻 | 동의어 / 반의어 |
|---|---|---|
| discard | 버리다 | = abandon ↔ keep |
| replace | 대체하다 | = substitute |
| evidence | 증거 | = proof |
| vast | 방대한 | = huge ↔ tiny |
| gravity | 중력 | — |
| prediction | 예측 | = forecast |
📖 본문 보기
We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it. The theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples. A vast body of evidence supports Newton’s theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations. These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations. Still, the many successes of Newton’s theory could not be ignored, and Einstein’s theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well. It did, and that is why we now view Einstein’s theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton’s theory. Some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein’s. If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein’s theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein’s theory does not.
🏹 시은의 질문 · “한 문장으로 줄이면?”
Einstein’s theory replaced Newton’s because it explained Newton’s successes and more, and any future theory must do the same.
아인슈타인 이론은 뉴턴의 성공을 모두 설명하고 그 이상을 설명했기에 받아들여졌고, 미래의 이론도 그래야 한다.
🎯 원래 시험 정답
23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
원래 시험 정답: ② how a new theory gains acceptance beyond an existing one
📝 수지의 문제 풀이 (주제)
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it. The theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples. A vast body of evidence supports Newton’s theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations. These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations. Still, the many successes of Newton’s theory could not be ignored, and Einstein’s theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well. It did, and that is why we now view Einstein’s theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton’s theory. Some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein’s. If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein’s theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein’s theory does not.
- ① danger of hasty acknowledgement of a new theory
- ② how a new theory gains acceptance beyond an existing one
- ③ difficulties scientists may encounter in understanding gravity
- ④ benefits resulting from the simplification of complex theories
- ⑤ what is required to test two theories through a single experiment
🗡️ 흑검 ET의 정답 보기
정답 ② how a new theory gains acceptance beyond an existing one — 원래 시험 23번 정답 ②! how a new theory gains acceptance beyond an existing one 근거는 S5와 S8 — 기존 이론의 성공을 똑같이 설명하고, 새 영역에서도 작동해야 인정받아요.
⚔️ 강신용의 함정: A scientific theory is discarded as soon as one error is found… 그럴까? as soon as one error is found가 함정이다. only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence. (S1)
"A scientific theory is discarded as soon as one error is found." → 'as soon as one error is found'는 틀림 → 'only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence' (S1)